The verb βοσκω (bosko) means to [put out to] feed or graze, and specifically of herds and cattle. The derived noun βοσκος (boskos) is a relatively uncommon word for herdsman and unused in the New Testament (in Matthew 8:33, Mark 5:14 and Luke 8:34, pig herders are indicated by a participle of our verb). The more common word for shepherd is ποιμην (poimen).

Our verb βοσκω (bosko) stems from the Proto-Indo-European root "geh-", to feed, but is also reminiscent of the noun βους (bous), meaning ox or cattle, and the apparently unrelated Proto-Indo-European root "buH-", to grow, from which English gets its noun bush (and Dutch the equivalent bos).

Our verb is used 9 times in the New Testament, see full concordance, possibly most spectacular in Jesus' command to Peter to feed his lambs and sheep (John 21:15-17). From this verb derives:

The noun βοτρυς (botrus) describes a cluster of grapes (Revelation 14:18 only). One would expect this word to fit right into the above, but the experts have deemed it of non-Greek origin, and perhaps even Semitic. The Hebrew noun בסר (boser) describes a comparable fruit, although it derives from the verb בסר (basar), to be early, and rather describes a sour or unripe grape or date (Job 15:33, Isaiah 18:5, Ezekiel 18:2): "Everyone will die for his own iniquity; each man who eats the sour grapes, his teeth will be set on edge" (Jeremiah 31:29-30).

The noun συκον (sukon) means fig, whose tree is related to the μορον (moron), the proverbially dim berry, which came to symbolize intellectual primitivity and immaturity. The Hebrew word for the first ripe fig, namely בכורה (bikkura), derives from the verb בכר (bakar), meaning to rise early.

The Hebrew for cluster is אשכול ('eshkol), hence the Valley of Eshcol (Numbers 13:23). The common word for grape is ענב ('anab).

The noun σταφυλη (staphule) describes the ripe juicy grape as it occurs in clusters (Matthew 7:16, Luke 6:44 and Revelation 14:18 only). The singular form of this noun often indicates the categorical grape rather than an individual fruit: someone might be growing grape or harvesting grape, meaning that they are growing or harvesting grape as a produce (not one single grape). In the Greek classics, our noun is contrasted by ομφαξ (omphax), a hard and unripe grape, and ασταφφις (astaphis), dried grapes or raisons.

It's unclear where this noun came from, although its formation was probably helped along by the Proto-Indo-European root "steb-", stiff (hence the English words stiff and staff), implying that our word describes a grape stiff with juice. Still, there is also the noun στεμφυλιτης (stemphulitis), which describes anything made from pressed grapes (like a cake or wine), which appears to have to do with the verb στεμβω (stembo), to deal roughly with, from a PIE root "stemb-", to stamp. That suggests that our noun σταφυλη (staphule) is perhaps a compound, perhaps with a Semitic element. That element might then be אפל ('opel), dark (indicative of a grape's ripeness and stampability), or פול (pul), a widely attested Semitic word for bean (or comparable item).